Advanced Analytical Spectroscopy
Spring 2006

Course Name: Advanced Analytical Spectroscopy

Time: 9:00 to 12:00 AM MTWThF with breaks. Location: TBA

Instructor: Stephen Bialkowski Office: 137 Phone: 05 331 5292

Office Hours: By appointment using electronic mail Stephen.Bialkowski@earthlink.net

Text: SAS Focal Point CD-ROM, Stephen Bialkowski, Editor, Society for Applied Spectroscopy (2005), ISBN:

Other Recommended Texts: Spectrochemical Analysis, James D., Jr. Ingle and Stanley R. Crouch, Prentice Hall (1988) ISBN: 0138268762
Molecules and Radiation: An Introduction To Modern Molecular Spectroscopy (2nd Ed.) Jeffrey I. Steinfeld, Dover (2005) ISBN: 0486441520

Course Content: The purpose of this course is to survey many of the methods of spectroscopic analysis used in the analytical laboratory and in the field. The lectures will be a mixture of practical, theoretical, and instrumental topics. Reading the articles on the CD ROM is an essential component of the class. There will be time to go into detail on certain subjects.

Course Objectives: This is a graduate-level course addresses various aspects of spectroscopic chemical analysis. The student will learn the relative merits of the techniques, the operating principles, and develop problem solving skills generally useful in chemical analysis. Instrumental concepts, spectroscopic data collection and analysis, and software, as applied to problem solving using analytical spectroscopy, will be discussed. The focus is on quantitative analytical spectroscopy. However, the basic spectroscopic information as it relates to physical structure will also be addressed.

Lectures: Topics listed as topics in Applied Spectroscopy will be discussed.

Examinations: A final examination will be given.

Homework: Reading exercises from the CD ROM and other outside sources will be assigned. Students are expected to find, read, and interpret articles found in the scientific literature. Students will also learn how to use "the net" to research topics.

Grading: Your grade will be based on homework assignments describing the operation of a particular technique reported on in APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY (~70%) and presented in class and a final examination (~30%). Your oral reports will add thought to the original paper and describe the details left out of the paper. A summary of your oral reports are to be turned in on the day of the final. Each summary report should be no more than one printed page listing the reference and describing the content.

Attendance Policy: Attendance is required for satisfactory performance.

Course Outline

Introduction

• Basis of spectroscopy
• Interaction of light with matter
• Nature of light
• Polarization and polarizability
• Atomic and molecular interactions
• Quantum states
• Basic perturbation theory and quantum mechanics
• Photon-kinetic theory
• Line-broadening Effects
• Born-Oppenheimer, Frank-Condon, and other effects
• Selection rules and transition strengths
• Nonlinear spectroscopy

Fundamentals

• Refraction
• Diffraction
• Photon statistics

NMR

Atomic Spectroscopy

Molecular Spectroscopy

Vibrational Spectroscopy

VIS-UV and Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Other Topics

Internet Links

Society for Applied Spectroscopy: http://www.s-a-s.org

Wikopedia on Spectroscopy http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectroscopy

Wolfram web site on optics http://scienceworld.wolfram.com/physics/

Wolfram web site on Mathematics http://mathworld.wolfram.com/

Analytical Chemistry Springboard Umea University http://www.anachem.umu.se/jumpstation.htm

Topics and Reading

Fundamentals

• An Introduction to Diffraction. Part I - the Near Field by Fred E. Lytle, Applied Spectroscopy 53 212A (1999)
• An Introduction to Diffraction. Part II - the Far Field by Fred E. Lytle, Applied Spectroscopy 53 262A (1999)
• Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging as a Tool to Monitor Biomolecular Interactions in an Array Based Format by Emily A. Smith and Robert M. Corn, Applied Spectroscopy 57 320A (2003)
• Fluorescence Fluctuation Spectroscopy: A Coming of Age Story by Alan Van Orden, Keir Fogarty, and Jaemyeong Jung, Applied Spectroscopy 58 122A (2004)

Instrumentation and Methods

• Solid State Array Detectors for Analytical Spectrometry by James M. Harnly and Robert E. Fields, Applied Spectroscopy 51 334A (1997)
• Lasers Based on Optical Parametric Devices: Wavelength Tunability Empowers Laser-Based Techniques in the UV, Visible, and Near-IR by Jack X. Zhou, Xiandeng Hou, Karl X. Yang, Suh-Jen Jane Tsai, and Robert G. Michel, Applied Spectroscopy 52 176A (1998)
• Grating Light Reflection Spectroscopy by Anatol M. Brodsky, Lloyd W. Burgess, and Sean A. Smith, Applied Spectroscopy 52 332A (1998)
• Electrically Switchable Bragg Gratings from Liquid Crystal/Polymer Composites by R. T. Pogue, R. L. Sutherland, M. G. Schmitt, L. V. Natarajan, S. A. Siwecki, V.P. Tondiglia, and T. J. Bunning, Applied Spectroscopy 54 12 (2000)
• Ion Mobility Spectrometry: Arriving On-Site and Moving Beyond a Low Profile by Jörg Ingo Baumbach and Gary A. Eiceman, Applied Spectroscopy 53 338A (1999)
• Time-Resolved and Short Pulse Laser Spectroscopies by G. J. Blanchard, Applied Spectroscopy 55 110A (2001)
• New Tools for Surface Second Harmonic Generation by Garth J. Simpson, Applied Spectroscopy 55 16A (2001)
• Optical Trapping: A Versatile Technique for Biomanipulation by Chris Kuyper and Daniel Chiu, Applied Spectroscopy 56 300A (2002)
• Generalized Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy by I. Noda, A. E. Dowrey, C. Marcott, Y. Ozaki, and G. M. Story, Applied Spectroscopy 54 236A (2000)
• Sol-Gel-Coated Mid-Infrared Fiber-Optic Sensors by Markus Janotta, Abraham Katzir, and Boris Mizaikoff, Applied Spectroscopy 57 823 (2003)
  

Atomic Spectroscopy

• Laser Ablation by Richard E. Russo, Applied Spectroscopy 49 (9) 14A (1995)
• ICP Emission Spectrometers: 1995 Analytical Figures of Merit by Jean-Michel Mermet and E. Poussel, Applied Spectroscopy 49 (10) 12A (1995)
• Glow Discharge Atomic Spectroscopy by Jose A. C. Broekaert, Applied Spectroscopy 49 (7) 12A (1995)
• Electrothermal Vaporization and Characterization of the Graphite Surface at Elevated Temperatures by Vahid Majidi, James A. Holcombe, Kurt G. Vandervoort, David J. Butcher, and J. David Robertson, Applied Spectroscopy 51 408A (1997)
  Investigating the Fate of Individual Sample Droplets in Inductively Coupled Plasmas by John W. Olesik, Applied Spectroscopy 51 158A (1997)
• Elemental Speciation and Coupled Techniques by Ryszard Lobinski, Applied Spectroscopy 51 260A (1997)
  Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Art and Archaeology by Demetrios Anglos, Applied Spectroscopy 55 186A (2001)
• Analytical Applications of Volatile Metal Derivatives by Ralph E. Sturgeon and Zoltán Mester, Applied Spectroscopy 56 202A (2002)

Infrared and Raman

• A New Generation of Raman Instrumentation by Bruce Chase, Applied Spectroscopy 48 (7) 14A (1994)
• Vibrational Optical Activity by Laurence A. Nafie, Applied Spectroscopy 50 (5) 14A (1996)
• Raman Spectrometry with Fiber-Optic Sampling by Ian R. Lewis and Peter R. Griffiths, Applied Spectroscopy 50 (10) 12A (1996)
• Biological and Medical Applications of Near-Infrared Spectrometry by Robert J. Dempsey, Darron G. Davis, Rogert G. Buice, Jr., and Robert A. Lodder, Applied Spectroscopy 50 (2) 18A (1996)
• Two-Dimensional FT-IR Spectroscopy: A Powerful Method to Study the Secondary Structure of Proteins Using H-D Exchange by Michel Pézolet and Anne Nabet, Applied Spectroscopy 51 466 (1997)
• Single-Molecule Detection of a Cyanine Dye in Silver Colloidal Solution Using Near-Infrared Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering by Katrin Kneipp, Applied Spectroscopy 52 175 (1998)
• Infrared Spectroscopy of Cells and Tissues: Shining Light onto a Novel Subject by Max Diem, Susie Boydston-White, and Luis Chiriboga Applied Spectroscopy 53 148A (1999)
• Dual Polarization Modulation: A Real-Time, Spectral-Multiplex Separation of Circular Dichroism from Linear Birefringence Spectral Intensities by Laurence A. Nafie Applied Spectroscopy 54 466 (2000)
• Factors Affecting the Performance of Bench-Top Raman Spectrometers Part I: Instrumental Effects by Bryan T. Bowie, D. Bruce Chase, and Peter R. Griffiths Applied Spectroscopy 54 164A (2000)
• Factors Affecting the Performance of Bench-Top Raman Spectrometers Part II: Effect of Sample by Bryan T. Bowie, D. Bruce Chase, and Peter R. Griffiths, Applied Spectroscopy 54 200A (2000)
• Probing Molecular Structure at Liquid Surfaces with Vibrational Sum Frequency Spectroscopy by M. R. Watry, M. G. Brown, and G. L. Richmond, Applied Spectroscopy 55 321A (2001)
• Picosecond Time-Resolved Raman Spectroscopy of Solids: Capabilities and Limitations for Fluorescence Rejection and the Influence of Diffuse Reflectance by Neil Everall, Thomas Hahn, Pavel Matousek, Anthony W. Parker, and Michael Towrie, Applied Spectroscopy 55 1701 (2001)
• Quantitative Analysis Using Raman Spectrometry by M. J. Pelletier, Applied Spectroscopy 57 20A (2003)
• Multivariate Curve Resolution in the Analysis of Vibrational Spectroscopy Data Files by Jon R. Schoonover, Rob Marx, Shuliang L. Zhang, Applied Spectroscopy 57 154A (2003)
• Raman Spectroscopy in the Deep Ocean: Successes and Challenges by Jill Dill Pasteris, Brigitte Wopenka, John J. Freeman, Peter G. Brewer, Sheri N. White, Edward T. Peltzer, and George E. Malby, Applied Spectroscopy 58 195A (2004)
• Surface-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy Ricardo F. Aroca, Daniel J. Ross, and Concepción Domingo Applied Spectroscopy 58 324A (2004)
• Development of Infrared Electro absorption Spectroscopy and Its Application to Molecular Structural Studies by Hirotsugu Hiramatsu and Hiro-o Hamaguchi, Applied Spectroscopy 58 355 (2004).
• Analysis of Organic Films and Interfacial Layers by Infrared Spectroscopic Ellipsometry K. Hinrichs, M. Gensch, and N. Esser Applied Spectroscopy 59 272A (2005)

Molecular and Materials Spectroscopy

• Modern Molecular Fluorescence Spectroscopy by Frank Bright, Applied Spectroscopy 49 (1) 14A (1995)
• Single Molecule Fluorescence Analysis in Solution by Richard A. Keller, W. Patrick Ambrose, Peter M. Goodwin, James H. Jett, John C. Martin, and Ming Wu, Applied Spectroscopy 50 (7) 12A (1996)
• Application of X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Spectroscopy to Materials and Environmental Science by Steven D. Conradson, Applied Spectroscopy 52 252A (1998)
• Using Intrinsic Fluorescence to Investigate Proteins Entrapped in Sol-Gel Derived Materials by John D. Brennan, Applied Spectroscopy 53 106A (1999)
• Principles and Applications of Solvatochromism by Shalini Nigam and Sarah C. Rutan, Applied Spectroscopy 55 362A (2001)
• Quantum Dots: A Primer by Catherine J. Murphy and Jeffery L. Coffer, Applied Spectroscopy 56 16A (2002)
• Brilliant Optical Properties of Nanometric Noble Metal Spheres, Rods, and Aperture Arrays by Peter C. Andersen and Kathy L. Rowlen, Applied Spectroscopy 56 124A (2002)
• Molecular Beacon DNA Probes and their Bioanalytical Applications by Timothy J. Drake and Weihong Tan Applied Spectroscopy 58 269A (2004)

NMR

• NMR Applied to Materials Analysis by Tom Apple, Applied Spectroscopy 49 (6) 12A (1995)
• Magnetic Resonance: An Account of Some Key Discoveries and Their Consequences by Edwin D. Becker, Applied Spectroscopy 50 (11) 16A (1996)
• NMR Spectroscopy with Spectral Editing for the Analysis of Complex Mixtures by Ann M. Dixon and Cynthia K. Larive, Applied Spectroscopy 53 426A (1999)

Imaging

• Super-Resolution Imaging Spectroscopy by T. D. Harris, R. D. Grober, J. K Trautman, and E. Betzig, Applied Spectroscopy 48 (1) 14A (1994)
• Optical Tomography for Three-Dimensional Spectroscopy by David H. Burns Applied Spectroscopy 48 (5) 12A (1994)
• Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging: From Planetary to Cellular Systems by Pina Colarusso, Linda H. Kidder, Ira W. Levin, James C. Fraser, John F. Arens, & E. Neil Everall, Applied Spectroscopy 52 106A (1998)
• Towards Faster FT-IR Imaging by Reducing Noise by Jack L. Koenig, Rohit Bhargava, and Travis Ribar Applied Spectroscopy 53 1313 (1999)
• Generalized Implementation of Rapid-Scan Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Imaging by Scott W. Huffman, Rohit Bhargava, and Ira W. Levin, Applied Spectroscopy 56 965 (2002)

Analytical Methods

• Capsule-Based Microwave Digestion by Guy Legere and Eric D. Salin, Applied Spectroscopy 49 (4) 14A (1995)
• Chemical Systems under Indirect Observation: Latent Properties and Chemometrics by Steven D. Brown, Applied Spectroscopy 49 (12) 14A (1995)
• Guidelines for Applying Chemometrics to Spectra: Feasibility and Error Propagation by Rocco Di Foggio, Applied Spectroscopy 54 94A (2000)

Mass Spectrometry

• Atomic Mass Spectrometry by M. W. Blades Applied Spectroscopy 48 (11) 12 A (1994)
• Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for Elemental Analysis by Patrick P. Mahoney, Steven J. Ray, and Gary M. Hieftje, Applied Spectroscopy 51 16A (1997)
• Electrospray Ionization Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry of Macromolecules: The First Decade by Sarah A. Lorenz, E. Peter Maziarz III, and Troy D. Wood, Applied Spectroscopy 53 18A (1999)

Other Stuff

• Process Analytical Chemistry for Spectroscopists by D. Christian Hassell and Elizabeth M. Bowman, Applied Spectroscopy 52 18A (1998)
• The Science of a Revolutionary Chemist and Spectroscopist: Velmer A. Fassel by Akbar Montaser, Applied Spectroscopy 52 406A (1998)
• Detection of Biological Agents: Looking for Bugs in All the Wrong Places by Laura A. Vanderberg, Applied Spectroscopy 54 376A (2000)
• Hyphenated Techniques for Elemental Speciation in Biological Systems by Joanna Szpunar, Ryszard Lobinski, and Andreas Prange, Applied Spectroscopy 57 102A (2003)